The Dramatic Intensity of The Crucible’s Courtroom Scene Essays

The Dramatic Intensity of The Crucible’s Courtroom Scene In this assignment I am going to investigate the Dramatic Intensity of The Crucible’s courtroom scene. I am going to do this by exploring the language used, how the characters develop and how Arthur miller unfolds the plot to keep the reader interested and how emotion and feelings dictate the movements of the play. The Crucible is set against the backdrop of the mad hunts of the Salem witch trials in the late 17th century. It is about a town, after accusations from a few girls, which begins a mad hunt for witches that did not exist. Many towns’ people were hanged on charges for of witchcraft. Miller brings out the absurdity of the incident with the theme of truth and righteousness. The theme is conveyed through the struggles of Miller’s main character John Proctor. In The Crucible all the events flow naturally from one event to next. Everything happens naturally from the natures of the characters. The fact that the story isn’t made up and it is based on a true story makes the play interesting. There was sufficient conflict, so many things going on, it kept my interest aroused. There is much tension and suspense in the story. It covers basic human instinct and qualities. It shows the human necessity for survival, and the lengths at which a person will go to save his life. The Crucible is a study of mass hysteria that affects the village of Salem in a foremost way. There are many themes running through the play. One is obviously witchcraft. There is an idea of Abuse of power and, also the individuality and society, this is important because it is set in the 17th century and everyone was the same. There is an idea of honour and truth. Proctor... ...se are very valuable to drama as it adds interest and has the edge of the seat effect. The crucible is a thrilling play which gripped my attention, and after researching the play I have found how Arthur miller has allowed the plot to flow naturally to unfold dramatic intensity shown through themes to add tension and emotion to the story line. The theme witchcraft adds anxiety as other themes are unearthed,. The individual and society theme, when everyone is expected to act the same we discover witchcraft, which is brought by one of the main characters which does not belong to the same society. The narrator & stage instructions added to the text added conflict, however after watching the play I found it greatly enjoyable. I felt Arthur Miller made the crucible dramatic by showing feeling and emotion shone through accusations and the events of the play.

Hunger Games Essay plan

Introduction:Using your notes write an introduction in which you: Mention the title, director, year of release, where it was set. Clarify what the genre is, explaining exactly what this means. Name and briefly describe the main protagonist in a single sentence. Provide a plot summary.Do not write openings such as ‘I am going to talk about†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Always write in the third person in a CELEXAMPLE: ‘The director, Gary Ross, uses many film techniques to convey the themes of†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(only write the themes in the introduction that you are analysing in your essay). ‘The Hunger Games’ is an American science fiction film set in the futuristic, dystopian society of Panem.Paragraph oneTheme: Oppression -To treat cruelly or unjustly. The Capitol people treat the people from the Districts in a cruel and unjust way. Using your notes the blog , describe in detail, using the PEAR structure how the setting, sound, symbolism, mannerisms, camera angles/shots, and c ostume help to convey the oppression suffered by the people in the districts . The opening scenes has good examples of the oppression suffered by the people of the Districts:Scene 1: District 12 Scene 2: Happy Hunger Games (Katniss and Gale in the woods) Scene 3: Check in (at ‘The Reaping’) Example:1.Aerial shot to emphasise their vulnerability. 2. Sound of bells tolling highlights their imminent death 3. Signify animals being herded – ‘Like lambs to the slaughter’Paragraph 2 Theme: Oppression Using the PEAR structure, explain how the people of ‘The Capitol’ have a  different life style to the people in the Districts. Contrast the Capitol with District 12 by looking at the mise-en-scene (costume, mannerism, movement, sound, objects, colour and setting).Example:In ’The Hunger Games’ the director employs sound to convey (try to use different words for each topic sentence) the theme of oppression to the audience. As the chil dren walk towards ‘The Reaping’, there is an ominous, non-diegetic, sound in the background that echoes the sound of a bell tolling. The sound of a bell tolling is symbolic of death and is often heard when someone has died. The director uses an aerial shot showing the children walking to further convey the theme of oppression. An aerial shot makes the character look small therefore it makes them appear vulnerable. The ominous sound coupled with the aerial shot of the children, makes them appear like animals being herded which echoes the saying ‘lambs to the slaughter’. The fact that the people of the Capitol do not have to attend ‘The Reaping’ makes the treatment of the District people all the more unfair and unjustParagraph 3Theme: Oppression Using the PEAR structure, further explain the theme of oppression by exploring how the Capitol people have so much more in terms of possessions and technology and how this changes how they live their live s. Contrast the costume, mannerisms, setting, colours.The technology used in the games, computer generated animals, ‘magic medicine’, 200mph trains etc†¦ Example:Example: What is of value in ‘The Hob’ (District 12’s illegal market place) would be laughed at in ‘The Capitol’ . The buttons are of little value but there is little else to sell. The mise-en-scene is in stark contrast to the social areas in the Capitol. Look at the colour, mannerisms – toy sword emulates the brutality of the games.Paragraph four Theme: Power. Explain who has the power in Panem. President Snow is a Totalitarian ruler Totalitarianism: Is a political system where the state (Of which President Snow has total control over everything and everyone)holds total authority over society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.Example: Think about the propaganda video shown during ‘The Reaping’. How is this similar to those show n in ‘1984’? How are the crowd reacting compared to Effie Trinket? What is being said at this point? Do the people of the districts feel the peace that President Snow proclaims. Look at the blog as there is some useful information about HOPE. Paragraph Five:Theme: Power. Using the PEAR structure, discuss How Katniss begins to affect the power balance in ‘The Capitol’ ? There’s information on the blog about the theme of power and a video clip which will give you a better understanding of Katniss’s role in upsetting the balance.Exa mple: Katniss’s relationship with Rue, and Peeta upsets the balance. The usual collaborations in the Hunger Games are about maximum power for killing the other tributes. Rue’s death scene and the way Katniss treats Rue with respect, and in turn District 11 that becomes the catalyst (somebody or someone that makes a change happen) for change.The ‘berry’ scene at the end is very powerful.Parag raph six Theme: Appearance versus reality (what is real? and what is only appearance?) Using the PEAR structure, look at how the director uses techniques to show us how Katniss has to change to stay alive in ‘Hunger Games’Exa mple: Creation of ‘the Star-Crossed lovers’ to stay alive and receive sponsors Creation of ‘The Girl On Fire’ – Why did Cinna want to cause such a spectacle in the crowd? Paragraph seven Theme: Appearance versus reality Using the PEAR structure discuss how the Hunger Games appears as a Game show to the people of the Capitol, when in reality it is about the brutal murder of 23 children from the districts. It is not a game, it is real life. But, like Effie Trinkett, the people of the Capitol, with the exception of Cinna (Katniss’s designer), have no idea what the people go through and do not care, as long as they live in comfort and with an abundance of food, clothing and other such luxuriesExa mple: The Camera shows us the gambling odds for the tributes focusing on Rue and Thresh from District 11. It then cuts to these pampered children of the Capitol, so we notice the difference between how they are treated. It cuts to a medium-close-up (MCU) of Haymitch watching them and we get his POV (point-of-view)shot of him watching them. His look is of total disdain at the unfairness of the situation. Mention that it is a reality TV show filmed both to control and punish (to keep them oppressed without any power) the districts, whilst entertaining ‘The Capitol’. They gamble because it is fun!Conclusion Once you have completed your introduction and analysis paragraphs, it is important that you write a conclusion to your critical essay. This is the final paragraph where you discuss how the director, Gary Ross, uses various film techniques to convey the themes in the film ‘The Hunger Games’ (list what techniques you have used in your essay overall. For example: sound, setti ng, camera angles/shots/movement, editing, colour etc).The conclusion repeats some of the information from the introduction such as: the key words of the task, the director’s name, the title of the film and then go on to discuss how the film as a whole, conveys the themes you have discussed in your essay. You summarise your main arguments and say how they, as a whole, answer your question.

Aphrodite Greek Mythology Of Ancient Greece - 1459 Words

Aphrodite was a major greek goddess , she was the greek version of an asian goddess of life similar to Astarte . Many artist and poets have restricted Aphrodite s role to goddess of love and beauty ,but her functions in ancient greece were varied and complex. The greeks worshiped Aphrodite as a universal goddess called urania (queen of heaven) and as a goddess of civic life called pandemos( goddess of all people ) . In some parts of greece ,Aphrodite was considered a goddess of seafaring and warfare. She was also associated with the myths and ceremonies surrounding adonis, a fertility god who died and was reborn annually . Many myths report that she instigated human love affairs. The roman goddess venus was identified with aphrodite . Aphrodite was married to hephaestus, the blacksmith of the gods . Many gods believed that her beauty was such that their rivalry over her would spark a war of the gods Aphrodite was the daughter of the goddess Dione and zeus , the king of the gods .In earth myths , aphrodite rose full -grown from sea foam The name aphrodite may come from aphros ,the greek word for foam. Zeus married aphrodite to hephaestus- he wasn t seen as a threat because of his ugliness and deformity . Despite this marriage to hephaestus , aphrodite had many lovers . her lovers include both gods and men-including the god ares and the mortalShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Ancient Greek Mythology on Modern Society Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Greek society fell over 2000 years ago but despite this, its mythology still continues to influence our western society. References to Greek mythology can be found all through time and in our western culture. The influence of Greek mythology can be found in our science, arts and literature and our language. When Ancient Greece fell to the Roman Empire, Rome adapted its mythologies which still influence us today as they have through history. That is not to say that Greek mythology wasn’t influencedRead MoreGreek Mythology And The Mythology1154 Words   |  5 Pagesand lessons of Greek mythology have shaped art and literatur e for thousands of years. Later Greek writers and artists used and elaborated upon these sources in their own work. Did you know that in ancient Greece, stories about gods and goddesses and heroes and monsters were an important part of everyday life. They explained everything from rituals to the weather, and they gave meaning to the world people saw around them. Many consumer products get their names from Greek mythology. For example sportsRead MoreGreek Mythology : An Important Part Of Life Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesGreek mythology (the Greek version of storytelling) was an important part of life in ancient Greece. The gods and worship was also an important part of family life. Storytelling was how legends about the gods got passed on from generation to generation. The Greek people believed that all of the gods came from Gaia (the earth) and Uranos (the sky). They also believed that they argued, fell in love, and went to parties, just like an adult human. (Barrow, 2013) Greek mythology emphasized how natureRead MoreWomen Of Ancient Greek Mythology Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesregarded as the subservient gender, an idea that was no different in Ancient Greece. Throughout Greek mythology, women were considered inferior and troublesome symbols, while men were known for courage, leadership, and strength. While there is no argument of the flagrant sexism that is illustrated in Greek mythology, it can also be claimed that women were given a situated position of freedom, necessity, and power as well. Many popular Greek plays and myths contain several complexes and well described femaleRead More Greek Goddesses Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pages The Greek Goddesses In Greek mythology the gods and goddesses of Mount Olympus played a major role in everyday life. The Greeks respected them and thought of the gods as all mighty. In Ancient Greece the people honored and believe in the deities. Myths, poems, and epics tell the stories and beliefs referring to the gods and goddesses. Many literary works display the power and jobs of the goddesses. The Greek people lived to please the deities in hope of gaining a better lifestyle. TheRead More Mythology Essay887 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"To some extent, mythology is only the most ancient history and biography. So far from being false or fabulous in the common sense, it contains only enduring and essential truth, the I and you, the here and there, the now and then, being omitted. Either time or rare wisdom writes it.† -nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Henry David Thoreau (1849) Every culture has evolved its own mythology, defining its character and offering a way to understand the world. Myths of every culture reveal the powerRead MoreTo Helen by Edgar Allen Poe Analysis Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesbarks of yore That gently, oer a perfumed sea, The weary, way-worn wanderer bore To his own native shore. On desperate seas long wont to roam, Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face, Thy Naiad airs have brought me home To the glory that was Greece, And the grandeur that was Rome. Lo, in yon brilliant window-niche How statue-like I see thee stand, The agate lamp within thy hand, Ah! Psyche, from the regions which Are Holy Land!† By Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"To Helen† by Edgar Allan Poe isRead MoreEssay Greek Gods - The Historical Background554 Words   |  3 PagesGreek Gods - The Historical Background Greek gods were an essential part of Greek mythology. Our proper knowledge of the ancient Greek gods can be traced back to Homer who wrote The Iliad and The Odysse. It is also believed that the myths were heavily influenced by the Mycenaean culture that existed in Greece from 1700 to 1100 BC. However there is some evidence that the beginnings of Greek mythology and beliefs can be traced back to the ancient Middle Eastern cultures. There are manyRead MoreGreek And Roman Painting And Floor Mosaic Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesAs a student in ARH 270: Introduction to Ancient Art in Greek and Roman Mural Painting and Floor Mosaic, I have developed a greater understanding of art in the ancient Mediterranean world, in regards to ancient Rome and Greece. For the Fall 2016 semester, some of the knowledge that I have gained includes being able to visually analyze a work of art in its historical context. For instance, I have learned to visualize the artwork, This includes, but is not limited to style, technique, relation to previousRead MoreTrojan War: Fact or Fiction?1298 Words   |  5 Pagesinvited to the wedding. Enraged at this, she stormed into the wedding and threw a golden apple of discord on a table. The apple had the inscription â€Å"For the fairest† a quarrel soon arose between three powerful goddesses. The three goddesses; Hera, Aphrodite, and Athena all wanted the title of fairest. They want ed to Zeus to be the judge of this contest. Not wanting to be involved in the quarrel, Zeus sent Hermes to get Paris, the Trojan prince, so that he could judge the three (History of the Trojan

Spanish Words for Use Around the Home

If youre like most of us, chances are you spend more time at home than you do anywhere else. So if youre looking at expanding your Spanish vocabulary, you might consider starting with some of the places youre most familiar with. Following, then, are the most common Spanish words used for places and items in the house. Note that many of the words can vary with region, and many of the words can have other meanings in other contexts. For example, while dormitorio is a common word for bedroom, it also can refer to the sleeping car of a train. Rooms and Areas of the House attic: el à ¡tico, el desvà ¡n, el entretechobasement: el sà ³tanobathroom: el baà ±o, el cuarto de baà ±o, el retretebedroom: el dormitoriocloset, wardrobe: el armario, el roperocourtyard: el patioden, study: el estudiodining room: el comedorentryway: la entradafamily room: la estancia, el cuarto de estargarage: el garage, la cocherakitchen: la cocinaliving room: la sala de estar, el salà ³nroom: el cuarto Words for Built-in Features ceiling: el techocupboard: el armario, la despensadoor: la puertaelectrical socket: el enchufe (de pared)faucet: el grifofloor: el suelo (floor that is walked on), el piso (level of a building)(kitchen) counter: el mostrador (de cocina), la encimera (other words are also used in various areas)lamp: la là ¡mparalight: la luz, la là ¡mpara, la là ¡mpara de techo (ceiling light), el plafà ³n (ceiling light)mirror: el espejoroof: el tejadosink: el fregadero, el fregadero de cocina (kitchen sink), el fregadero de baà ±o (bathroom sink)stairs: la escalera, las escalerastoilet: el và ¡ter, el wà ¡ter, el inodoro, el servicio, el retretewall: la pared (inside), el muro (outside)window: la ventana Words for Appliances and Furniture bed: la camablender: la licuadorachair: la sillachest of drawers: la cà ³modacouch, sofa: el sofà ¡, el divà ¡ndishwasher: el lavavajillas, el lavaplatos, el friegaplatos (These are all compound nouns.)drier (for clothes): la secadorairon: la planchaoven: el horno (el horno microondas, or simply el microondas, microwave oven)stove: la estufa, la cocina (usage varies with region)table: la mesatoaster: el tostador, la tostadoravacuum cleaner: la aspiradorawasher (for clothes): la lavadora

Situational Conditioning And Classical Conditioning

In the world today, psychology plays a huge role. There are many psychological factors people use on a day to day basis. Many factors such as the way people act, talk, think, and go about their day have some form of psychological conditioning or theory. However, people are unaware of the factors they put in on a day to day basis. Psychologists have made it so that people can fully comprehend these theories. This paper will show how everyday scenarios in the educational field can be broken down and analyzed through behaviorism, the different types of conditionings, and how people learn from them. Behaviorism is â€Å"primarily concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotion† (McLeod, S.A, 2013). That is to say, people learn by what they see and not necessarily how they feel. There are different types of behavioral conditioning. There is operant conditioning and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning â€Å"basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response† (Cherry K.A 2005). There are two stimuli involved: unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus. Unconditioned stimulus is where â€Å"there is no learning involved in connecting the stimulus† ( Huitt, W., Hummel, J. 1997). In other words, the stimulus is a form of a person’s body responding naturally. Conditioned stimulus is when learning is used to associate an object with a stimulus. There is also the neutral stimulus which doesn’tShow MoreRelatedAnalytical Study on the Employee Issues in an MNC1756 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions. But this theory is also fail because effectiveness of leaders behaviour depends on many factors like subordinates nature and the situation which is not described in this theory. Situational Theory According to this theory, a leaders effectiveness will be measured by the leaders behaviour and situational factors. Leaders behaviour includes the characteristics and hierarchical position of leader. According to A.G. Jago and Victor H. Vroom, (1977) the degree of leaders participation affectsRead MoreAnalysis Of Herbert Blumer s Social Movement1738 Words   |  7 Pagesexhibit psychological phenomenon present in the behavioral perspective, in regards to classical and operant conditioning, and the social cultural perspective, in regards to conformity and group influence. In regards to the Behavioral perspective of psychology, behavior is seen as learning by association, particularly through classical conditioning and operant conditioning (Alexanderson, 2016). Classical conditioning is the pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus in order toRead MoreInsight Into Criminal Behavior Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesbiological make-up such as heredity, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and brain abnormalities as major components in criminal behavior. Each approach consists of different methods of control, expression of behavior, and influences on criminal behavior. Situational and environmental factors provide setting and opportunity for crime to occur. Cultural forces help us analyze the context for occurring crimes. Phenomenological determines the personal meaning that a crime holds for the offender. Different researchersRead MoreWhy Learning Theories Are Relative And How They Affect Behavior Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily proposed by Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Skinner and Hull (Knowles, Swanson, Holton, 2012). This theory of learning is otherwise known as behaviorism. This theory of learning is based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning as a result of our interaction with the environment. The behaviorist assumption is that incoming stimuli from the environment shapes the individuals behavior and as a consequence, teaches them to learn. A common statement about behaviorism is thatRead MoreMajor Principles of Behaviorist and Neo-Behaviorist Theories2412 Words   |  10 Pagesdiscipline of learning. Disregarding the specific phases in behaviorism and neo-behaviorism, the paper will synthesize the literary findings of major theories. Two theories that are based on behaviorist perspective of learning i.e. classical conditioning and operant conditioning theory will be discussed along with one neo-behaviorist perspective theory. After presenting underlying principles of each of the three theories, the work of major contributors of these theories will be highlighted. Followed byRead MoreUnderstanding And Supporting Behaviour1726 Words   |  7 PagesProtection Act 1998 the name of the older adult involved in the care has been changed to Client X. Why challenging behaviour occurs can be explored and explained through many different avenues such as through the use of psychological theories and situational factors that can effect behaviour. A class discussion found a definition of challenging behaviour to be ‘Difficulty breaking though to or working with an individual/group with behaviour that is challenging for you personally to deal with regardlessRead MoreLiving with the Extreme Fear Created by Anxiety Disorders Essay3389 Words   |  14 Pagesenvironment, blood-injection-injury, and situational (Burstein et al. 1073). Animal phobias include fear of specific animals, like fear of rats, fear of spiders, and fear of dogs. Natural environment phobias involve fear of heights, fear of water, fear of the dark, fear of storms, and many others. Blood-injection-injury phobias include fear of injury, fear of blood, fear of needles, and other medical procedures. On the other hand, examples of situational phobias – fears triggered by specific situationsRead MorePsychology and Impact Personality Development1997 Words   |  8 Pages1. Define personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality Read MorePsychology and Impact Personality Development2008 Words   |  9 Pages1. Define personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality *Read MoreOrganizational Behavior7738 Words   |  31 PagesDisciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) Anthropology The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) There Are Few Absolutes in OB Contingency variables: It Depends!!! Situational factors that make the main relationship between two variables change---e.g., the relationship may hold for one condition but not another. In Country 1 x In Country 2 x May be related to May NOT be related to y y There are few absolutes in

Nuclear warfare Free Essays

Introduction. John Hersey’s article entitled Hiroshima was an account of six residents in the city of the same name who survived the bombing on August 6, 1945. The six survivors consisted of a physician, a personnel clerk, three small children and their mother, a young surgeon, a pastor and a missionary priest. We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear warfare or any similar topic only for you Order Now Compared to other accounts of the Hiroshima bombing, Hersey’s account dryly described the experiences of the survivors, beginning from the time they woke up until the time the bomb went off. While it made considerable noise within and without the publishing world, Hersey’s account was not intentionally written as a call to action, nor did it eventually give rise to a mass action. Rather, it was intended to be a mere impassive report of the impact made by the bomb on the lives of many. Ethical Theories. There are many reasons for the opinion that nuclear warfare is not morally justified, the most familiar and popular of which is the opinion that nuclear warfare involves an intention to use nuclear weapons, where such use would be immoral (McMahan, 1985).  Moral philosophy has several positions on the issue of nuclear warfare. One such position falls within the deontological position (McMahan, 1985). This position consists of three claims, the first of which is that the use of nuclear weapons is not morally justified (McMahan, 1985).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This first argument is rationalized by the theory that use of nuclear weapons would lead to a violation of at least one criterion of the traditional â€Å"just war† theory (McMahan, 1985). The just war theory refers to justice in war or moral support for war (Moseley, 2006). This theory has two aspects, namely, the theoretical and historical traditions (Moseley, 2006). The former discusses the justifications and reasons for engaging in war; while the latter focuses attention on the body of rules and agreements entered into by international bodies that are supposed to be applied in times of war (Moseley, 2006). The just war theory has two criteria, namely, the criterion of proportionality and the criterion of discrimination (McMahan, 1985). The first one mandates that â€Å"the level of force employed must be proportional to the good it is intended to achieve (McMahan, 1985).† On the other hand, the latter criterion provides that â€Å"force should be used in a way which respects the distinction between combatants and noncombatants (McMahan, 1985). Applying the two criteria, one can arrive at an opinion as to whether the dropping of the bomb in both Nagasaki and Hiroshima was justified. The first criterion demands that an act be justified by the good consequences achieved by the act be able to outweigh the negative consequences it may have caused (McMahan, 1985). Moreover, there must be a direct proportion between the degree of force used and the positive consequences produced (McMahan, 1985). Considering that both bomb attacks had caused the loss of numerous lives, mostly those of innocent citizens, there is no way that they could have been justified by any positive consequences. Whichever motivation led to the decision to set off the attacks, it could never be enough to justify the killing of countless innocent lives. The brutality of the acts involved in both bombings negate any argument that there is a direct proportion between the act committed or the degree of force used and the consequences it produced. The second criterion cannot also be used to justify the bombings, since it forbids the killing of noncombatants in war (McMahan, 1985). A distinction should be made between people who are combatants and not (McMahan, 1985). However, based on numerous accounts on the effects of the bombings, including that written by Hersey, it is apparent that many people who were noncombatants died during the attacks. This is a clear violation of the second criterion of the just war theory (McMahan, 1985). Again applying the deontological tradition, any future use of nuclear weapons in war cannot be justified. The use of that kind of weapons is a deliberate choice made by those who lead the war. They know that such use necessarily involves the killing of man innocent people. As argued by one study, deaths occurring in nuclear attacks are neither incidental nor unintentional results of lawful military action (McMahan, 1985). Rather, such deaths are deliberate aims made by those who chose to act using nuclear weapons (McMahan, 1985). Thus, the same argument would negate any justification that would be put forward by a country that intends to retaliate using nuclear weapons. Retaliation can be exercised in various forms and it is recognized under international law to be valid means of protecting a country’s interests and sovereignty. Nevertheless, even through a good reason exists for retaliation, doing the same through nuclear weapon still cannot be justified because of the consequences involved in such action, which would cost thousands, if not millions, of lives. Indeed, nuclear warfare is no room for the ancient adage â€Å"an eye for an eye.† Other means of retaliation, like demanding reparation or using economic measures, should instead be used rather than resorting to nuclear warfare. Conclusion. Nuclear warfare cannot be justified under any circumstance. The deliberate use of nuclear weapons is equivalent to deliberate killing of numerous innocent people. Such an act cannot be considered proportionate to the aim involved; nor would such act discriminate between people who engaged in war or not. These consequences obviously violate criteria of the just war theory, which negates any morality in the acts. References Hersey, J. (1946). Hiroshima. The New Yorker. McMahan, J. (1985). Deterrence and Deontology. Ethics 95(3) Special Issue: Symposium on Ethics and Nuclear Deterrence, 517-536. Moseley, A. (2006). Just War Theory. Retrieved October 31, 2007, from http://www.iep.utm.edu/justwar/ How to cite Nuclear warfare, Essay examples

Great Virtues free essay sample

I think that Aversion to Tyranny definitely still exists In America today. We still do not have any dictatorship In todays America. We vote as a democracy for our presidents, congress, etc. We do have a president, to represent America and to help make final decisions, but we get to choose who we want to elect. Basically, its power to the people, even though we have a presidential leader to help guide us. The second virtue Ben Franklin wanted America to have was Free Press. Basically, what this meant was that you can write or print whatever youd like and not et in trouble for it.Although there were some limits to this, there was little to no government control of the press. This let people say what they wanted and free minded write in the press. Franklin said, There would be very little printed, if publishers produced only things that offended nobody. l, myself have to agree to this, because If you think about it, its true. Franklin also believed that the surest guard against tyranny and arbitrary power was free expression, the free flow of Ideas and a free press. He felt no tyrannical society could long exist, If It cannot control the low of information and ideas.Like the first virtue, free press still exists today. You are able to freely write what youd like in the press. For example, it is okay to write to the newspapers and write a letter to the editor and express your feelings and preferences. That is legal, and no one can tell you that you arent allowed to do that. The third virtue Ben Franklin wanted America to have was Humor. Franklin liked the idea of using playful and safe humor in life. He believed that if there wasnt much humor, life would be boring and serious, and not as much fun. Franklin used moor even against himself.He created a character In Poor Richard Saunders, the pseudonym he used when he began to publish an annual almanac. The beauty of Inventing a fictional author was that he could poke fun at himself by admitting half seriously that money was his main motivation. Humor is exists in America today, as well. People use it everyday, and, to say the uses humor, it could make them laugh, no matter how upset they were. Who knows what life would be without any humor. All I know is that it would be quite dull, and this country would not be as good of a place to live in, without it.The fourth virtue Ben Franklin added to the list was Humility. When Franklin made a list of personal virtues for himself that he was intent on acquiring, he very proudly showed it around to his friends, one of whom, a Quaker, pointed out that he had left one off. The friend said that Franklin was often guilty of pride, so Ben added humility to his list. To say the least, he never quite perfected the virtue. Humility means that someone is not prideful in themselves, and not full of themselves or self-absorbed. It means that you are more modest, and dont brag.You will listen to there, and give credit; instead of listening and then start talking about yourself. Humility exists, and doesnt exist today in different ways. Sometimes, we have humility, and other times we dont. Not everyones perfect, at times we may brag or boast about ourselves a little or a lot; either way we are still not being humble. Although he was guilty of it himself, Franklin hoped that America would become more humble, and maybe it has, but whether there is a little or large amount of people not being modest, we are still breaking this virtue.The fifth virtue Ben Franklin put on the list of Americas virtues was Idealism in Foreign Policy. Franklin once wrote, The influence of every power is measured by the opinion one has of its intrinsic force. When he went to Paris as an envoy during the Revolution, Franklin proved himself a master of the diplomatic doctrine of realism by playing an adroit balance-of-power game between France, Spain, the Netherlands, and later on, Britain. The main idea of this virtue, as I see it, is that Franklin basically tried to portray each countrys position as desirable to him.In a way, this virtue still exists in America today. The only thing I can think of for this virtue in todays world is Iraq. Even though it isnt ideal to be at war with a country, we do our best to fight against them and eventually hopefully end the war and win it. The sixth virtue Ben Franklin wanted was Compromise. Franklin used the phrase, Both sides must part with some of their demands, many times. He used it the most when the Constitutional Convention was deciding on the issue of whether the new Congress should be proportioned by population or have equal votes for each state.For Franklin, who personally believed in proportional representation, compromise was not only a practical approach but also a moral one. He believed that compromisers may not be great heroes, but they do make great democracies. To compromise, it means that each side will give up one or more thing that they wanted to make it fair, since both sides couldnt get everything they wanted. In this way, it makes it fairer to compromise, than to have everything one side wants. Because, when you compromise, each side may not get everything they want, but they take a little of each side and make it even. I believe that compromising still exists in America today. Compromises are made and it exists in many different ways. America compromises with political issues and with economics also. We, as a country, compromise with other countries, when we exchange or buy products, as for how much we pay and how much products we get in exchange. The same goes for politics, not everyone can get their way, so we compromise and hopefully both sides Tolerance. The great struggles of the 20th century were against fascism and then communism.The great struggle of the 21st century will be between the forces of fanatic fundamentalism and tolerance. It is vital that we remember that America was not born with the virtue of religious tolerance, but had to earn it. For example, Franklin left Boston and ended up in Philadelphia, a place unlike much of the world. There were Lutheran, Moravian, Quakers, and even Jews living side by side in what became as the City of Brotherly Love. Franklin helped formulate the creed that they would all be better off, personally and economically, if they embraced an attitude of tolerance.So, basically, everyone had to have tolerance for other people, (and their religion) even if it wasnt of their liking, and accept their choices. I definitely think that tolerance still exists in America today. I actually think that it has gotten better. More people are accepting other peoples preferences and religions now than when Franklin was President. I think people realize that its okay to have different religions, and that you should respect others of their religious choices. I believe that the strongest virtue in America today is Humor.The reason why I think this is because I think a lot of people use humor in everyday life and its the virtue that comes the most naturally. If you think about it, America is full of humor, more than any of the other seven virtues. This is why I think it is the strongest. I think the weakest virtue in America today is Humility. There is still a lot of bragging and boasting coming from people of all ages. People will brag about anything they can think of, whether its about money or how great their Christmas lights are.Thats not what kind of country Benjamin Franklin wanted; he wanted a country that was more modest, and not as full of themselves. Im not saying that everyone in the US is like this, but some are, and its not exactly the best quality to have. The most important virtues for Americans to follow today are An Aversion to Tyranny, Compromise, and Free Press. If people didnt follow An Aversion to Tyranny, this entry could be a lot different. Its possible that we could have a different type of leader in charge and we couldnt get to choose who the leader was. If half of America decides they dont want to have a president anymore then we would really not know what to do. If people didnt follow the virtue to Compromise, it would also affect our country a lot. Without any compromising, nothing would get done and nothing would get bought. If you think about when youre buying a house or a car, if you dont compromise to get the price you want then you wont be able to purchase it. Each did has to give a little for things to work, and if neither side wanted to compromise, it would be very hard for the house or car to get sold, and for you to be able to purchase one for the price you want. Free Press, is a very important virtue for the US to have and to follow as well. Without it, I think America would be an angrier place to live, and people could possibly get in more fights because they were taking out their feelings on people instead of writing them down, to the newspaper. Even though a lot of people dont free write to the newspaper, they can still read what there people are writing to it, and see what other people are struggling with.Maybe the people who were reading the newspaper were struggling with the same issue that the person who wrote it were and that could help the person reading it with their problems as well. Ben Franklin wrote these virtues as advice for Americans, Americans today is to remember these seven virtues, and try your best to follow and respect them, as Franklin wanted. If everyone was aware of the seven virtues Ben Franklin wrote, and learned about them and truly tried their best to follow them, it could actually make a difference in this world. Maybe there would be less fighting if people were more humble and didnt brag as much.Maybe things would get done faster if people would Just take the time to compromise and work things out. We should try to be tolerant of others because if you try your best at being open-minded, it will help you become a better person, and it will help you get along with others better. If everybody tried their absolute best on all of the seven virtues that Franklin wanted for America, it really could make a difference. So, my advice to you is to follow them, and work at them everyday, and maybe one day we will have the America that Ben Franklin wanted.